Low Platelet Count

As mentioned above, a low platelet count is called thrombocytopenia. It is a disease in which fewer platelets are in the blood than is normal. Tiny blood cells called platelets, sometimes known as thrombocytes, are necessary for effective blood coagulation.

They assist in the formation of clots that stop bleeding after an operation or injury. Between 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood constitute a normal platelet count.

Low platelets means below 150,000 platelets per microliter, might cause excessive bleeding and haemorrhaging disorders, which can be very problematic and also fatal in some cases. Severe thrombocytopenia is characterised by a platelet count of fewer than 50,000 platelets per microliter, which can be dangerous and fatal.

Thrombocytopenia comes in three different forms.

• An autoimmune condition causes the first thrombocytopenia. Your immune system will start destroying the platelets, which will cause your platelet count to drop.
• Those with disorders of the liver or spleen will have their platelets secluded.
• In the bone marrow, platelet production will decrease if there is a bone marrow dysfunction.
• There are some other reasons behind low platelet count in an individual. Some of the low platelet count causes are described below:
• Infections: The platelet count can drop due to some viral and bacterial illnesses, including hepatitis C, HIV, and measles.
• Medications: Heparin, quinine, and several chemotherapy medicines can all lower platelet counts.
• Autoimmune conditions: Several autoimmune conditions, including lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, can make the immune system target platelets, causing a drop in platelet count.
• Pregnancy: Because of changes in the body's hormonal levels, some women may experience gestational thrombocytopenia during pregnancy.

Depending on how severe the problem is, low platelet counts can cause a variety of symptoms. Some typical low platelet count symptoms include:

• Petechiae: These are tiny, reddish or purple spots that develop on the skin due to internal bleeding.
• Excessive menstrual bleeding: Women with low platelet levels may experience severe bleeding during menstruation.
• Fatigue and weakness: Low platelet counts can result in weakness and fatigue due to decreased oxygen flow to the body's tissues.
• Easy bleeding and bruising: Even a little wound have the potential to bleed excessively, and bruises might develop for no apparent reason. It could take longer than normal for the bleeding to stop from any part of the body due to an injury.
• Bleeding through urine: Hematuria is the medical terminology for the appearance of blood in the urine. Hematuria can result from various medical problems, including cancer and other blood disorders. Blood may initially appear as spots and eventually become clearly visible. The urine will reflect your low blood platelet count, which will be an obvious sign.

A blood test known as a complete blood count is often used to diagnose low platelet counts (CBC). Depending on the underlying reason, thrombocytopenia is treated differently. Treatment might not be essential in moderate situations.

The blood smear test aids in identifying the cell's form. This examination identifies if the cells are healthy or damaged. A blood smear test can also be used to detect parasites. Platelet transfusions may be required to raise the platelet count in severe cases. Surgery and prescription drugs to boost platelet production may be required in some conditions.

If you encounter any low platelet count symptoms mentioned above, especially if you have a history of bleeding issues or if you are taking medications that can lower platelet counts, it is imperative to consult a doctor. Early detection and intervention can reduce complications and improve outcomes.

Thrombocytopenia's severity and the underlying cause will determine how it is treated. There may be no need for treatment in some circumstances because the platelet count may normalise independently. In other situations, treatment can entail modifying or halting a patient's medication, managing underlying illnesses, or administering intravenous immunoglobulin or blood transfusions.

More aggressive therapies, including corticosteroids, chemotherapy, or splenectomy, may be necessary for severe situations. The ideal thrombocytopenia treatment strategy should be decided in close consultation with a medical expert.

To sum it up, low platelet count or thrombocytopenia can be a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. While the causes can vary, it is important to understand the symptoms and risk factors associated with this condition. A thorough diagnosis, followed by appropriate treatment, can help manage the condition and improve the quality of life for those affected.

But in India, treatment costs are at an all-time high nowadays. Hence, a medical insurance plan from Tata AIG can provide financial support during dire cases of illnesses by covering medical expenses such as hospitalisation, diagnostics, and treatment. With a range of plans available, individuals can choose one that fits their needs and budget, ensuring they have access to quality healthcare when they need it the most.